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2014年2月21日
大家好！
本周美国疾病预防控制中心《减盐电子周刊》包括一些新的减钠相关的研究和餐馆减盐相关的信息。
近期有关钠摄入的研究：青少年群体钠摄入过量；较低的钠摄入量降低心血管疾病风险
近期发表在《儿科》（Pediatrics）杂志上的一篇一项研究对766名年龄介于14至18岁的健康的白人和非裔美国人青少年进行了跟踪调查，发现他们的平均钠摄入量为每日3280毫克。在这项跨地区研究中，研究作者通过使用7天24小时膳食回顾数据，对被调查者的钠摄入量进行了估算。结果显示，不论总热量和含糖软饮料的摄入量如何，过量钠摄入与肥胖症和炎症呈正相关的关系。该研究题为《健康青少年的膳食钠、肥胖症和炎症》，可通过如下链接找到：
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/01/28/peds.2013-1794.full.pdf.
近期发表在《循环》（Circulation）杂志上的另一项题为《较低的钠摄入水平与减少心血管疾病风险》的研究发现，较低的钠摄入量会使心血管疾病的风险降低。研究作者对高血压防治临床试验(TOHP)I期和II期数据进行了分析。该实验收集了高血压前期个体多个24小时尿液样本。结果表明，经过10或15年的随访之后，那些钠排泄量<2,300毫克/24小时的被调查者罹患心血管疾病和死亡的风险，比那些钠排泄量在3,600毫克至4,800毫克/24小时的人要低32%。该研究可以通过以下链接找到：
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/01/10/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006032.full.pdf.
美国心脏协会科学报告
美国心脏协会近期发布了一篇新的科学报告，题为《钠摄入与心血管疾病预后关联队列研究中的方法论问题》。该报告结论显示，导致钠摄入与心血管疾病关联的观察性研究结果出现不一致的原因，或许是研究方法的问题。研究作者说：“除非能够有对精心设计的普通人群队列研究，否则的话，钠摄入量的指导方针还是应当基于钠与血压升高之间关系方面的充分证据，以及现有的有关减钠对于心血管疾病影响的普通人群实验之上。” 研究作者们在对钠与心血管疾病之间关联方面的队列研究进行审查之后，发现那些研究的方法存在问题，要么有改变关联方向的可能，要么会产生假阴性的结果。
该科学报告可通过以下链接找到：
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/02/10/CIR.0000000000000015.abstract.
减钠后“波士顿市场”（Boston Market）连锁餐厅馅类食品销售量增长
波士顿市场（Boston Market）连锁餐厅将其馅类食品中钠含量减少近20%之后，其馅类食品销量增长了17%。在全美范围内拥有458家连锁餐厅的波士顿市场（Boston Market）近期宣布，该公司已将其多个主营菜品中的钠含量大幅降低，并且计划到今年年末实现所有菜品钠含量平均降低15%的目标。根据近期发表的一篇文章，顾客在选定餐厅品尝该公司提供的减钠菜品之后，并未注意到菜品中的钠含量减少。基于这些测试结果，波士顿市场（Boston Market）在公司所属所有餐厅中全面推出减钠菜品。到目前为止，该公司的减钠菜品包括：
- 土豆泥，该公司最受欢迎的配菜，钠含量已减少26%。
- 家禽肉汁中的钠含量减少了50%。
- 玉米面包中的钠含量减少了30%。
- 肉饼中的钠含量减少了18%。
为了提高餐厅食物的健康性，威斯康星州的“体育锻炼和肥胖”项目组发布了一款名为“健康点菜”的工具包。该工具包旨在让人们能够更加方便快捷地在餐厅内外点到健康的食物。该工具包可通过以下链接找到：
http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/P00562.pdf.
感谢您对减少钠摄入长期以来的关注和支持！
请注意：
本简讯英文版由美国疾病预防控制中心发布，中文版由骄阳翻译公司翻译，如有歧义，请以英文版本为准。
(该信息为与减钠的相关伙伴机构和个人分享将正在进行的减钠活动信息。目的是为相关同仁提供持续更新的信息，并为对减钠工作感兴趣或致力于减钠工作的个人或机构创建一个合作网络。《减盐电子周刊》将每两周发布一期，如果你知道一些应该添加进来的人，或者你希望被从该通信人中删除，请联系蔡颖女士(caiy@cn.cdc.gov))。
《减盐电子周刊》在内容上只基于新闻价值和读者的潜在兴趣进行选择。美国疾病预防控制中心对所提供文章的真实准确性不承担任何责任。文章的选择、省略或文章内容并不意味着美国疾病预防控制中心对其内容有支持或其它观点。《减盐电子周刊》中原作者的观点或者引用，完全是其个人观点，绝不代表美国疾病预防控制中心的官方立场。所提及的产品、商业名称、出版物、新闻来源以及网站等，仅作参考之用，并不意味着美国疾病预防控制中心的认可。
Hello –
This week’s CDC Salt e-Update includes recent sodium research and restaurant sodium reduction.
Recent Sodium Research: Excess Sodium Intake in Teens; Lower Sodium Intake Lowers Cardiovascular Risk
A recent study involving 766 healthy white and African American adolescents aged 14 to 18 years, published in the journal Pediatrics, found that average sodium intake was 3,280 mg per day. In the cross sectional study, authors estimated sodium intake using 7-day 24-hour dietary recall data. Results indicate that excess sodium intake is positively associated with adiposity and inflammation independent of total calorie and sugar-sweetened soft drink intake. The study, “Dietary Sodium, Adiposity, and Inflammation in Healthy Adolescents” may be found here: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/01/28/peds.2013-1794.full.pdf.
Another recent study, “Lower Levels of Sodium Intake and Reduced Cardiovascular Risk” published in Circulation found that lower levels of sodium intake lead to reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Study authors analyzed data from phase I and II of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP), which collected multiple 24-hour urine specimens among pre-hypertensive individuals. Results indicate that, after 10 or 15 years of follow up, those with sodium excretion of <2,300 mg/24hr had a 32% lower risk of cardiovascular events and death compared to those with a sodium excretion between 3,600 mg and 4,800 mg/24hr. The study may be found here: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/01/10/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006032.full.pdf.
AHA Science Advisory
Conclusions of a new Science Advisory released by the American Heart Association, “Methodological Issues in Cohort Studies That Relate Sodium Intake to Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes” indicate methodological issues may be responsible for inconsistent findings from observational studies relating sodium intake to cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to study authors, “Until well-designed cohort studies in the general population are available, it remains appropriate to base sodium guidelines on the robust body of evidence linking sodium with elevated blood pressure and the few existing general population trials of the effects of sodium reduction on CVD.” Study authors reviewed cohort studies examining the association between sodium and CVD and identified methodological issues with both the potential to alter the direction of associations and yield false null results.
The Science Advisory may be found here: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/02/10/CIR.0000000000000015.abstract.
Sales of Boston Market Stuffing Increase After Sodium is Reduced
After reducing sodium in stuffing by almost 20%, Boston Market saw stuffing sales increase 17%. Recently Boston Market, a chain with 458 restaurants nationwide, announced the company significantly reduced sodium in several key menu items and, by the end of the year, plans to reduce sodium content by 15% on average across its menu. According to a recent article, customers did not notice the sodium reductions when reduced sodium options were tested at select locations. Based on the test findings, Boston Market rolled out the sodium reduction changes in all of the company’s locations. Sodium reductions so far include –
- Mashed potatoes, the company’s most popular side dish, have been reduced in sodium by 26%.
- Poultry gravy has been reduced by 50%.
- Cornbread has been reduced by 30%.
- Meatloaf has been reduced by 18%.
Related to improving the healthfulness of restaurant meals, the Wisconsin Physical Activity and Obesity Program released the “Order Up Healthy” toolkit. The toolkit addresses increasing access to and accessibility of healthful food within and around restaurants. The Toolkit may be found here: http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/P0/P00562.pdf.
Thank you for your continued engagement in sodium reduction.
Regards,
Jessica
Jessica Lee Levings, MS, RD, LD
Contractor/Public Health Analyst
Office of the Director
Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Phone: 770-488-8243 Fax: 770-488-8151
(We are sending this information in an effort to inform our stakeholders of relevant sodium reduction efforts that are occurring. The purpose of this communication is to provide continued follow up with stakeholders and create a network of partners working on and interested in sodium reduction. The Salt e-Update will be sent every two weeks. For questions or comments, or to be added or removed from this communication, contact Jessica Levings at JLevings@cdc.gov).
Salt e-Update content is selected solely on the basis of newsworthiness and potential interest to readers. CDC assumes no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC. Opinions expressed by the original authors of items included in Salt e-Update, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the official position of CDC. References to products, trade names, publications, news sources, and Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by the CDC.
