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《减盐资讯》汇总自上一期起最新的与钠摄入和减盐相关的新闻文章（或标题），大约每两周发布一次。内容包括：行业资讯、政府资讯、各州/地方资讯、国际资讯、新的调查和研究成果等等。目的是为了让公众对与钠相关的新闻话题有一个快速了解。
2016年5月7日- 5月20日
国际新闻
《食品科学》上发表的一项马来西亚研究显示：食谱中，用鱼露来代替食盐，有助于减少钠的摄入量。研究人员发现，熬鸡汤、煮番茄汤、做咖喱菜品时，可以用鱼露代替食盐，这样不仅可以减少10%-25%的钠含量，还可以完整地保留菜品的风味。这一结论得到了品尝师专家小组的肯定。鱼露是东南亚菜式的主要调味品，通常使用凤尾鱼发酵而成。虽然其钠含量不低，但鱼露的鲜味极为浓郁，仅需加入少量即可大大提升菜肴的口味。– 摘自《Berkeley Wellness》
在菲律宾锡莱市举办的“Cinco de Noviembre Adobo Festival”上，笔者获得了一等奖。这真是出乎意外 — 我那天做得菜特别咸。赛后有评委道出了其中缘由：“我们菲律宾人吃得比较咸”。大部分菲律宾人都承认自己的日常饮食很不健康，特别是从他们每天摄入的食盐量来看，从早餐一直到睡前小吃，都离不开食盐。国际卫生组织建议，人体每天摄入的食盐总量不得超过一汤匙，也就是6克。而菲律宾每人每日平均食盐摄入量为这一数值的两倍。减少食盐摄入量是一项艰巨的任务，因为菲律宾人每天摄入的盐分中，80%来自于包装食品、加工食品、餐馆食物或者快餐食品等“隐秘”来源。其余20%主要来自于“toyo”、“patis”和“bagoong”之类的蘸酱。– 摘自《Sun Star Bacolod》
新研究/调研成果
美国食品及药品管理局（简称为“FDA”）最新发布了其《2014年健康与饮食调查》结果，并公布了FDA关于营养与标签问题的决定。接受调查的成年人之中，半数表示他们在购买食品饮料时，总会或大部分时间会仔细查看标签上的营养成分表，而四分之三的参与调查者认为，杂货店出售的食品、饮料相对于五年前，含盐量基本持平或者略有上升。过去五年时间，很多厂商都为减少食品的含钠量做出了努力；但本次调查表明，消费者并没有注意到这一点。- 摘自《Food Dive》
其它信息
人体每天需要摄入多少钠？我们需要钠吗？限制钠的摄入量，与限制盐的摄入量是一回事吗？营养顾问Phylis B. Canion医生给出的答案是：大部分美国人每天摄入的钠高于其自身所需。《美国国民膳食指引》建议将钠的日均摄入量控制在2300毫克以下。FDA表示，人体从膳食中摄入的钠，75%来自于包装食品和加工食品，因此建议国民认真阅读食品标签；含钠量达到20%或超过每日推荐钠摄入量的，属于高钠食品。来自美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据显示，美国儿童每日的盐摄入量，与成人水平相当。将钠的摄入量维持在适当的水平，对于身体健康而言至关重要。因此，请咨询您的医生，以确保自己摄入的量足以满足身体需求。- 摘自《Victoria Advocate》
使用过多的盐会导致高血压，并大大增加心脏病和中风的风险，而心脏病和中风已成为美国人身体健康的头号杀手。营养学家和食品专家建议，要想减少盐的摄入量，开始时最好补充其他口味，以减轻盐分突然减少而引起的不适。“没有了盐，你的生活同样可以有滋有味”，来自美国俄勒冈州本德市老磨坊区“Savory Spice Shop”调料店的店主Matt Perry说。Perry认为，洋葱、大蒜、阿勒坡辣椒、小茴香等调味品，都可以提高菜肴的风味。- 摘自《The Bulletin》。
钠摄入得越少越好 ——这是霍夫斯特拉医学院泌尿学教授David Samadi的观点。美国人平均每天的钠摄入量大约为3400毫克，而实际上人体每天需要的钠摄入量为1500至2300毫克。为帮助大家降低钠的摄入量，本文特此给出几个妙招。食用新鲜的肉类，而不要选用包装过的肉类，这是因为新鲜的牛肉、鸡肉或者鱼肉中含有天然钠成分，这类食品的钠含量远低于培根、火腿、香肠、烟熏牛肉和午餐肉中的钠水平。有些高钠食品（比如白软干酪）虽然吃起来不咸，但请务必认真阅读营养成分表中给出的含钠量信息。干酪的含钠量可以很高，而经过加工的干酪，例如美国干酪，其含钠量更是远高于天然干酪或者成熟干酪。- 摘自《赫芬顿邮报》（"Huffington Post"）
美国政府及其公共健康机构谴责电子香烟开启了通向尼古丁的大门，而英国的卫生健康部门则认为电子香烟向吸烟者提供了一种危害较小的尼古丁摄入方式。笔者认为，《连线》杂志上最近刊出的一篇文章，道出了两国卫生健康机构持有相反观点的症结所在。文章还将钠作为类似的公共健康话题进行了讨论。钠曾经一度被妖魔化，但现在很多关于盐的讨论已不再那么极端。文章认为，对于大多数人而言，盐的摄入与高血压之间并没有联系，而“‘一刀切’的全民减盐公共健康运动并没有有效的数据作为支撑”。文章还指出，针对任何公共健康问题（包括盐的摄入问题），如果公共健康部门希望向民众传达准确的信息，那它们就不能忽略那些表达不同意见的声音。- 摘自《圣迭戈联合论坛报》（"San Diego Union-Tribune"）
请注意：
本简讯英文版由美国疾病预防控制中心发布，中文版由骄阳翻译公司翻译，如有歧义，请以英文版本为准。
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Salt in the News captures news articles (or headlines) related to sodium and sodium reduction that have been published since the last edition, about every 2 weeks. Content includes Industry News, Government News, State/Local News, International News, New Studies and Research, and more. The purpose is to provide a snapshot of sodium-related topics in the media.
May 7–20, 2016
Instead of Salt, Try Fish Sauce
Substituting fish sauce for salt in recipes may help reduce sodium intake according to a Malaysian study published in Food Science. Researchers found that using fish sauce in place of some salt in chicken broth, tomato soup, and curry recipes allowed them to reduce the sodium content by 10% to 25% without a loss in flavor intensity, as rated by a panel of tasters. Fish sauce is a staple in Southeast Asia that is typically made by fermenting anchovies. Though it has a high sodium content, the savory umami flavor of fish sauce is powerful, requiring small portions to greatly enhance a food’s taste. – Berkeley Wellness
Salt: A Silent Killer in the Philippines
The author of this piece was surprised to win first prize in the Cinco de Noviembre Adobo Festival in Silay City, Philippines, as his dish was very salty. But a judge said later, “We Filipinos love salty foods.” Most Filipinos will admit that their normal diet is not healthy, especially when it comes to the amount of salt most people consume each day, starting with breakfast and ending with a bedtime snack. The World Health Organization recommends consuming no more than one teaspoon, or 6 grams, of salt per day. The average Filipino consumes double that amount. Cutting back on salt is a tall order because 80% of the salt Filipinos consume each day comes in the form of “hidden” salt in packaged, processed, restaurant, or fast food. The remaining 20% of salt comes from dipping sauces such as toyo, patis, and bagoong. – Sun Star Bacolod
Federal Survey Suggests Manufacturers Need to Do More with Salt and Less with Label Claims
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently released the results of its 2014 Health and Diet Survey, which informs the FDA’s decisions about nutrition and labeling issues. Half of the adults surveyed said they check the Nutrition Facts label always or most of the time when buying food or beverages, while three quarters of participants believe that food and beverages in the grocery store have the same amount or more salt than they did 5 years ago. Many manufacturers have made efforts during the past 5 years to reduce sodium levels across portfolios; according to this survey, consumers have not noticed. – Food Dive
How much sodium does a person need daily, and do we need it at all? Is limiting sodium the same thing as limiting salt? Doctor and nutritional consultant Phylis B. Canion responds that most Americans are consuming more sodium than they need. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting sodium to less than 2,300 milligrams daily. The FDA states that more than 75% of dietary sodium comes from sodium added to packaged and processed foods and recommends reading food labels closely; foods that contain 20% or more of the recommended daily value of sodium are high in sodium. Children in the United States consume nearly as much salt as adults do, according to CDC. Maintaining the sodium level that is right for you is critical to a healthy body, so check with your physician to be sure you are consuming an adequate amount. – Victoria Advocate
Spices Can Substitute for Salt
Too much salt can raise blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk for heart disease and stroke, which kill more Americans combined each year than any other cause. Dietitians and food experts say that people trying to cut down on salt need to incorporate other flavors to compensate for the lack of initial salt burst. “You don’t have to live in a flavorless world because you gave up salt,” said Matt Perry, the owner of Savory Spice Shop in Bend, Oregon’s Old Mill District. Perry said onion, garlic, Aleppo peppers, or cumin can help add flavor. – The Bulletin
Less is always best when it comes to sodium intake, says David Samadi, professor of urology at Hofstra School of Medicine. The average American consumes about 3,400 milligrams of sodium a day, but people really should be consuming between 1,500 milligrams to 2,300 milligrams a day. To help reduce sodium intake, the article presents some tips that can make a big difference. Use fresh rather than packaged meat because fresh cuts of beef, chicken, or fish will contain natural sodium, but the sodium content is much lower than in bacon, ham, sausage, pastrami, and lunch meats. Some foods with a high sodium content may not taste salty, such as cottage cheese; always read the Nutrition Facts label to be certain of how much sodium a food contains. Cheese can be high in sodium, and processed cheese, such as American cheese, tends to be higher in sodium than natural or aged cheeses. – Huffington Post
Does Sodium Reduction Indicate Whether Public Health Agencies Can Do Nuance on e-Cigarettes?
While U.S. government and public health agencies have condemned e-cigarettes as a dangerous gateway to nicotine, British health agencies see e-cigarettes as a way to get smokers to adopt a less harmful form of taking nicotine. According to the author of this article, a recent piece in Wired gets to the heart of why health agencies in the two countries have taken such divergent approaches. The article discusses sodium as an analogous public health issue that requires nuance: At one time sodium was a “demonized food,” but there are now more discussions about salt’s role as villain. For most people, salt intake is not linked to high blood pressure, according to the article, and the “one-size-fits-all public health campaign against salt simply goes beyond what the data support.” If public health organizations wish to give people accurate information about any public health issue, including salt intake, the article argues that those organizations should add some nuance. – San Diego Union-Tribune
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